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Clinical biochemistry (clinical chemistry) measures chemicals in blood and other fluids—things like glucose, urea, liver enzymes, lipids and electrolytes—to help doctors understand a patient’s health. Spectrophotometry in simple words Most chemistry tests are spectrophotometric. The idea is straightforward: Reagent + Sample → Color/Light change. When the patient sample reacts with a reagent, the mixture changes how it absorbs  light at a specific wavelength. Shine light → Mea

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)  is a lab method where a small voltage makes special labels on antibodies emit light , and the instrument measures that light to quantify the target in the sample. Why labs like it Very sensitive and precise  for low concentrations Wide measuring range , fewer dilutions Fast & stable reagents , reliable calibration on Elecsys/ECLIA platforms How a Roche ECL immunoassay works Sample mixes with antibodies  (one carries a light-emitting ruthenium l

Who this guide is for If a machine stopped unexpectedly or behaves “on and off,” this article explains how professionals start testing —in plain language. You’ll learn what to check safely, what tools help, and what to send us  if you want a board-level evaluation. Safety first (please read) Disconnect mains and wait for DC bus capacitors to discharge. Use lockout/tagout where applicable. If you are not trained to work on live equipment, do not  energize it—collect the info l

Why saltwater is brutal on electronics Saltwater contains chloride ions that accelerate oxidation and electrochemical reactions. Even a light salt mist can leave a conductive film on PCBs, displays, and connectors. Over time that film traps moisture, promotes corrosion under components, and creates leakage paths that cause intermittent faults. Common symptoms Random resets or dim/garbled displays Sticky or noisy button/encoder inputs Green/white “fuzz” at solder joints, conne

Ghost faults are intermittent problems : a machine behaves oddly or stops working, then—without any obvious fix—returns to normal. Because the fault is brief and inconsistent, it’s hard to reproduce and diagnose. At a high level, ghost faults stem from two buckets: External factors  (environment, power quality, interference) Internal factors  (aging components, loose connections, micro‑cracks) External factors (often the fastest wins) Power quality & interference (EMI/RFI):